Drinkable water is harmless for health when it completely corresponds to the national standards or to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. It should be mentioned that 80-95% of the underground waters used for drinking in RM do not correspond to the sanitary and hygienic norms. The specter of natural and artificial polluters is very large: nitrogen compounds, pesticides, selenium, sulfates, fluorine, etc. Mineralization and total hardness is 3-30 times ?igher than the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) and international norms (Negru and others 2002). In most cases wells and springs are polluted with nitrogen compounds, from which the most often met are nitrates (NO¯3), which are 2-10 times more than the national norms, and the microorganisms Coliforms are thousands of times more (Negru and others 2002).
The aim of the researches in commune Cocieri and village Malovata Nouã, district Chişinãu was to find out the sanitary-hygienic state of the wells and springs, find the polluters of underground waters and elaborate recommendations to improve the situation created in these localities. For commune Cocieri characteristic is the high depth of the wells (48-50 m) which makes it difficult to clean them. The best water which corresponds to all the sanitary norms is at the spring near the old people?s home which is often visited by the local population.
Analyzing the samples from commune Cocieri in 90% of the wells the water does not correspond to sanitary-hygienic norms. Concerning the microbiological indices their quantity is from 2000 per dm3 to 13000 per dm3 and NO¯3 from 78 mg/dm3 to 257 mg/dm3. In the village Malovata Nouã none of the examined wells correspond to the sanitary-hygienic norms (the quantity of Coliforms varies from 1000 to 350000 cells).
The excessive pollution of the examined underground waters is due to the activity of the human factor: animal wastes, unauthorized places for garbage in the center of the village, etc.). Because of the lack of high capacity pumps for the cleaning of the wells at high depths the layer of polluters accumulated during many years is not removed.
According to all mentioned above it is recommended to the Local Public Administration and population the followings:
– Liquidation of all sources of bacterial pollution (zootechnic and chemical wastes, petroleum products) in the area of sanitary protection of drinkable water sources;
– Establishment of an authorized place for garbage according to the existent standards;
– Cleaning of the wells till their bottom (sand sole) and disinfecting twice per year;
– Avoiding worsening of the water quality and precocious find out through a monitoring according to national standards;
– Urgent reparation of the centralized water supply system distribution destroyed during the military conflict in 1992 and connecting the inhabitants of the commune Cocieri to it.