The tremor was felt in an area located 50.82 degrees in longitude and 31.70 degrees in latitude, the report added.
There have been no reports of any casualty or damage to property caused by the quake.
Iran is often hit by quakes of varying magnitudes as it sits on some of the world’s most active seismic faultlines.
Echipa de Monitorizare si Evaluare (EME) poate lua in considerare pregatirea unei forme de raport standardizeaza pentru a facilita colectarea si compilarea datelor. Fiecare institutie isi trimite informatiile catre EME, care le compileaza intr-un raport periodic. Aceste rapoarte periodice trebuie in mod ideal sa circule pe la un auditoriu variat, incluzand consiliul municipal, biroul primarului si al echipei, membrii comunitatii, si membrii GI. Limbajul si stilul rapoartelor pot varia in functie de auditoriu vizat; oricum, informatiile vehiculate trebuie sa fie consistente si exacte. Un sistem de raportare clar si de inteles reprezinta o legatura foarte importanta pentru procesele de evaluare si monitorizare.
Mecanismele de culegere a datelor cantitative despre mediu presupun de obicei un program special, ca exemplu, folosirea apometrelor, precum masurarea consumului actual de apa. Pe de alta parte datele calitative care includ estimari ale problemelor intalnite, satisfacerea cerintelor consumatorilor si benefici neanticipate. De obicei sunt colectate prin intermediul studiilor, sondajelor si interviurilor personale. Ambele tipuri de informatii sunt necesare pentru a determina reusita programului. in colectarea datelor este important sa se faca distinctia intre monitorizarea de conformare si monitorizarea efectiva.
Monitorizarea de conformare urmareste daca unitatea abilitata cu implementarea a realizat ceea ce a anuntat ca va face (Exemplu: instalarea a 5 mii de dusuri cu presiune redusa), in timp ce monitorizarea efectiva apreciaza daca masurile intentionate si-au atins rezultatul propus (reducerea consumului de apa cu 20% pentru fiecare proprietar).
Highs were expected to reach into the upper 90s on Tuesday before returning to a more normal range in the 70s and 80s on Wednesday. The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which runs the Texas electricity grid, said Tuesday it expected to be able to meet the day’s demand for electricity but urged people to cut back their power use.
"We are asking everybody to pitch in and do the best they can by minimizing electric consumption between 3 p.m. and 7 p.m., the peak hours," council spokesman Paul Wattles said. As much as 15 percent of the state’s power supply was already off line for seasonal maintenance to brace for the summer’s energy usage peaks, but four power generating plants also shut down unexpectedly, Wattles said. Officials were pushing to get power flowing again from the generators that had been idled.
ERCOT said operations were back to normal by Monday evening. The typical usage for Texas in April is about 40,000 megawatts a day, but the state pushed 52,000 megawatts on Monday, Wattles said. The rollouts were limited to the ERCOT grid, which provides electricity to about 80 percent of the state.
A recorded high of 101 degrees at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport broke the previous high of 94, set in 1913 and matched in 1925, according to the National Weather Service. Temperatures reached 107 degrees in Laredo. The rolling blackouts, which lasted for a little more than two hours, were the first in the ERCOT region since Dec. 22, 1989, during a winter ice storm.
Raportul de evaluare include rezumatul principalelor activitati, a rezultatelor obtinute, si impactul direct asupra beneficiarilor proiectului. Aceasta identifica lectiile invatate pentru a imbunatati proiectele existente si cele viitoare si orice modificare necesara in ?designul? proiectului.
Una dintre problemele pe care le va intalni EME este aceea de a desemna un responsabil pentru coordonarea evaluarii. in selectarea persoanei care va conduce evaluarea proiectului trebuie luate in considerare persoane cu abilitati de comunicare, ascultare si negociere, de sinteza a unor perspective multiple, si de rezolvare a problemelor.
Una dintre cele mai importante aspecte ale unui proces de evaluare este acela ca el ofera de fapt rezultatele utilizabile pentru cei care implementeaza proiectul ? informatii care pot fi utilizate de managerii proiectului si de catre echipa pentru a imbunatati rezultatele.
Rezultatele sunt folositoare in luarea deciziilor si de furnizarea de informatii despre modalitati de imbunatatire a performantelor proiectului.
For almost a week, poor Rip had to wear one of those cones of silliness to keep him from gnawing at the burn-like sores, but the cone actually came in handy as his tail episode coincided with his neutering. Nothing like a two-for-one use out of that cone! Of course, he didn’t like it much. The first few days he wasn’t sure how to hold his head up, so he couldn’t manuever through doorways or up stairs. If he wasn’t so pathetic, he would’ve been very funny. But he handled that challenge the way he responds to absolutely everything, including our cat: good naturedly. My husband and I keep saying, "Oh, when he gets over this, we’ll see his personality” but we’ve already seen enough to know we are very lucky. He is a sweet, well-behaved, obedient dog who lets us know every day how happy he is to have a home. And we’re just as happy to have him, challenges and all.
in comunicarea cu publicul asupra concluziilor evaluarii, trebuie utilizate o varietate de tehnici, cum ar fi protectiile vizuale, prezentarile orale, declaratii rezumate, raportate interimare, si conversatii neformale.
Sugestiile aditionale includ:
+ Redactarea unor rapoarte executive separate si articole obisnuite utilizand concluziile evaluarii, destinate unui auditoriu divers si celor implicati in proiect;
+ Redactarea atenta a unui comunicat de presa si lansarea lui in presa de catre o persoana publica apreciata;
+ Realizarea unei conferinte de presa asociata lansarii comunicatului de presa;
+ Sustinerea de prezentari catre diverse grupuri selectate; includerea de exercitii demonstrative care sa implice activ participanti in analize si interpretari;
+ Constituirea de grafice profesionale, scheme si diapozitive pentru a fi utilizate in sesiunile de raportare;
+ Realizarea unei scurte prezentari video a rezultatelor pentru a fi folosita in sesiunile de analiza si discutii;
+ Realizarea unei dezbateri sau a unei analize libere, pro si contra, a concluziilor care sa permita exprimarea punctelor de vedere contrarii.
Studiu de caz 10: Proiectul Local de Actiune pentru mediu, Troyan, Bulgaria [8]
Comitetele cetatenesti si Primaria au stabilit o echipa comuna de coordonare pentru a urmari implementarea proiectului. in continuare, compania locala de apa a stabilit o echipa speciala care sa detecteze si sa repare scurgerile, si de asemenea sa realizeze o harta digitala a retelei subterane de conducte.
Printre rezultatele efortului de implementare se numara:
+ Repararea a 70 de scurgeri in reteaua subterana de conducte si inlocuirea a aproximativ 1 km de conducte, rezultand economii de apa de aproximativ 10%;
+ Harta digitala a retelei subterane de conducte;
+ Adoptarea unei noi ordonante de mediu, prin care se solicita unitatilor industriale sa plateasca in functie de cantitatea de apa consumata si sa prezinte Primariei informatii referitoare la consumul lor de apa. Ordonanta solicita de asemenea, ca murii consumatori industriali de apa sa isi realizeze sisteme proprii de alimentare cu apa, acolo unde aceasta este o optiune fezabila;
+ Realizarea unui audit in detaliu pentru marile unitati industriale. Aceste unitati au primit informatii referitoare la cat anume au irosit, cat anume le-a costat aceasta risipa, precum si masurile specifice pe care le pot lua pentru a reduce consumul de apa.
infiintarea unui nou centru de educare ce promoveaza educatia ecologica in scoli si publicului larg.
Exemple de derulare a campaniilor de informare publica
Studiu de caz 11: Curatarea unui rau si constiintizarea publica in Mosonmagyarovar, Ungaria [1, 9]
Comisia de mediu din Mosonmagyarovar a identificat poluarea raului ca o serioasa problema de mediu a comunitatii. Comisia a identificat deseurile de pe marginea raului ca principala sursa de poluare. Ca raspuns, Comisia a organizat o zi de curatare cu cetatenii pentru a aduna gunoaiele. Acest program de curatare a adus numeroase beneficii. in primul rand, a redus semnificativ poluarea vizibila si gunoiul. A determinat cetatenii sa considere raul o resursa importanta a comunitatii si le-a oferit o demonstratie valoroasa a faptului ca pot schimba lucrurile. in al treilea rand, s-a imbunatatit constiintizarea populatiei privind problemele asociate poluarii raului si s-a obtinut sprijin pentru elaborarea unui plan, municipalitatea reusind sa conecteze cit mai multi cetateni la reteaua de canalizare a orasului.
Studiu de caz 12: Actiuni de informare publica, Municipalitatea Satoraljaujhely, Ungaria [1, 9]
Satoraljaujhely a implementat unul dintre primele PLAM din ECE. Acest proiect, cu o durata de 18 luni, a inceput din 1992 si a fost conceput sa demonstreze ca autoritatile locale din Ungaria pot stabili prioritati de mediu, pot elabora planuri de actiune si pot implementa strategii cu costuri eficiente pentru rezolvarea celor mai grave probleme de mediu ale comunitatii printr-un proces participativ in planificare si luarea deciziilor. Centrul Independent Ecologic din Ungaria si Institutul pentru Comunitati Durabile au oferit instruire si asistenta tehnica pentru membrii Comitetului cetatenesc, reprezentantii ONG-urilor si reprezentantilor Municipalitatii. Comitetele cetatenesti au pus in practica urmatoarele activitati de informare publica:
+ Serii de educare a adultilor: o serie de 11 sedinte de educare a adultilor cu privire la problemele de mediu au fost organizate de IEC in etapa de pregatire a proiectului. Subiectele s-au referit la calitatea aerului si apei, surse alternative de energie, si la abordari traditionale Ungariei privind dezvoltarea durabila. Acest program a contribuit la intelegerea de catre membrii comunitatii si ai Comitetului a problemelor fundamentale de mediu.
+ Sondaje publice de opinie: comitetul a intervievat peste 2000 de locuitori in luna aprilie 1992. Informatiile din aceste sondaje au fost folosite pentru a realiza o lista de probleme pentru analiza.
+ Un forum public: Un forum a fost organizat dupa evaluarea problemelor pentru a discuta rezultatele cu membrii publicului. Au participat peste 60 de oameni pe langa membrii comitetului si presa.
+ Informarea mas-mediei: Membrii comisiilor tehnice si de programe au participat in trei emisiuni televizate si au raspuns intrebarilor in direct la televiziuni locale. Evenimentele majore ale proiectului au fost televizate, inclusiv ceremonia de inaugurare si forumul public.
+ Programe pentru tineri: Şcolile locale au luat parte la campaniile de curatenie si la concursurile de poster organizate de participanti la proiect. O tabara de vara a avut de asemenea ca tema monitorizarea raului.
Constiintizarea generala referitoare la progresul proiectului si a rezultatelor: Primaria si Consiliul Local au fost informate permanent despre progresul proiectului si au fost implicate in mod constant. Diversele organizatii, angajatii, si alte grupuri de interes din oras au fost permanent reprezentate in comisiile de proiect si informate.
[url=http://www.test1.ru/rom/more/481_0_3_0_M/]1. Prerogativele elaborarii unui PLAM[/url]
[url=http://www.test1.ru/rom/more/480_0_3_0_M/]2. Procedeele utilizate la elaborarea unui PLAM[/url]
[url=http://www.test1.ru/rom/more/479_0_3_0_M/]3. Proiect demonstrational in domeniul agriculturii ecologice pe baza Gospodarirei ?Rezor? din satul Bogheni, judetul Ungheni 12[/url]
[url=http://www.test1.ru/rom/more/478_0_3_0_M/]4. Proect: Imbunatatirea Gestionarii Deseurilor Menajere in Localitatile Judetului Balti 10.[/url]
[url=http://www.test1.ru/rom/more/477_0_3_0_M/]5.Proect: imbunatatirea bazei de pastrare a pesticidelor in conditiile de activitate in sectorul agricol, jud. Cahul 11[/url]
French ornithologists have now charted a steep decline in Paris and other French cities. There has been an even sharper fall in urban populations in Germany, the Czech Republic, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Finland.
As in Britain, where sparrow numbers are believed to have fallen by 90 per cent in the past 15 years, continental ornithologists can find no coherent explanation for the sudden decline.
The mystery is especially deep in Paris, which is believed to have lost 200,000 sparrows – maybe one in 10 of the population – in the past 17 years. At the same time, the presence of somewhat more exotic "country" birds in the capital – from blackbirds to jays, kestrels and swifts – has increased.
The city’s Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle is so concerned that it has launched a campaign to capture, examine and ring Parisian sparrows to investigate possible causes for their falling numbers.
"Is it a question of some form of disease or diseases? Or are their habitats being eroded? We hope to try to answer these questions," said Frédéric Baroteaux of the museum’s research centre on bird populations.
The flocks of moineaux or "piafs" which flutter over all public spaces in Paris are part of the identity of the city. The diminutive singer Edith Piaf, who started as a street performer singing for "crumbs", took her stage name from the colloquial Parisian word for sparrow. Unlike in London, they remain familiar in Paris, but they are far less numerous than before.
Possible explanations have been offered by ornithologists. The rise in numbers and variety of other birds may have reduced their nesting places and feeding opportunities. And tightened building regulations, along with better maintenance, may have closed up the cracks in which they used to nest.
The number of Parisian cats is also booming, so they may be preying more on the birds. Some blame radio waves from mobile telephones or pollution from cars; but why should that affect sparrows and not other birds?
A similar pattern is reported across Europe. Hamburg estimates it has lost 50 per cent of its house sparrows in the past 30 years. In Prague the comparable loss is 60 per cent.
Alain Bougrain-Dubourg, president of the French equivalent of the RSPB, the Ligue de Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), says he fears the moineau may be on the same, steep downward flight path as the British sparrow. "All the signals are on red," he said. "The house sparrow is a highly symbolic bird, which has co-habited closely with man for 10,000 years. It may be less attractive than a blue tit but it has the right to survive, for the sake of biodiversity if nothing else."
The natural history museum has set up 10 sparrow ringing centres in the French capital and its suburbs. Birds are trapped in nets. Samples of blood and feathers are taken and examine? for signs of disease or pollution. The sparrows are released with colour-coded rings on their legs.
The rings are needed because sparrows are wily birds. Once trapped in a net, they can not easily be caught a second time. The coded rings enable ornithologists to identify individual birds, and monitor their progress.
The bird protection league is also appealing to Parisians to place a sparrow nesting-box on their balconies amid their geraniums – and to keep their cats indoors.
The mystery still stands
Six years ago, The Independent began highlighting the decline of our most familiar bird. The campaign put the disappearance of the house sparrow on the national agenda. Abundant until the early 1990s, Passer domesticus has now gone from central London, apart from isolated pockets, and declined in other large urban centres, such as Glasgow. The cause is unknown. Our £5,000 prize for the first convincing scientific explanation stands, although many theories have been put forward, including magpies, cats, pesticides, peanuts, climate change and home improvements. Research by Dr Kate Vincent of De Montfort University suggests a decline in insects is leading to sparrow chicks starving. The effect is seen in Paris and across Europe.
The Independent’s £5,000 prize is for a paper in a scientific journal. It is judged by our referees (the RSPB, the British Trust for Ornithology and Dr Denis Summers-Smith)
The sparrow, once the exemplar of a commonplace bird, is becoming increasingly rare in France and other European countries.
The fall of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) has already been well documented in Britain, partly thanks to a campaign by The Independent.
French ornithologists have now charted a steep decline in Paris and other French cities. There has been an even sharper fall in urban populations in Germany, the Czech Republic, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Finland.
As in Britain, where sparrow numbers are believed to have fallen by 90 per cent in the past 15 years, continental ornithologists can find no coherent explanation for the sudden decline.
The mystery is especially deep in Paris, which is believed to have lost 200,000 sparrows – maybe one in 10 of the population – in the past 17 years. At the same time, the presence of somewhat more exotic "country" birds in the capital – from blackbirds to jays, kestrels and swifts – has increased.
The city’s Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle is so concerned that it has launched a campaign to capture, examine and ring Parisian sparrows to investigate possible causes for their falling numbers.
"Is it a question of some form of disease or diseases? Or are their habitats being eroded? We hope to try to answer these questions," said Frédéric Baroteaux of the museum’s research centre on bird populations.
The flocks of moineaux or "piafs" which flutter over all public spaces in Paris are part of the identity of the city. The diminutive singer Edith Piaf, who started as a street performer singing for "crumbs", took her stage name from the colloquial Parisian word for sparrow. Unlike in London, they remain familiar in Paris, but they are far less numerous than before.
Possible explanations have been offered by ornithologists. The rise in numbers and variety of other birds may have reduced their nesting places and feeding opportunities. And tightened building regulations, along with better maintenance, may have closed up the cracks in which they used to nest.
The number of Parisian cats is also booming, so they may be preying more on the birds. Some blame radio waves from mobile telephones or pollution from cars; but why should that affect sparrows and not other birds?
A similar pattern is reported across Europe. Hamburg estimates it has lost 50 per cent of its house sparrows in the past 30 years. In Prague the comparable loss is 60 per cent.
Alain Bougrain-Dubourg, president of the French equivalent of the RSPB, the Ligue de Protection d?s Oiseaux (LPO), says he fears the moineau may be on the same, steep downward flight path as the British sparrow. "All the signals are on red," he said. "The house sparrow is a highly symbolic bird, which has co-habited closely with man for 10,000 years. It may be less attractive than a blue tit but it has the right to survive, for the sake of biodiversity if nothing else."
The natural history museum has set up 10 sparrow ringing centres in the French capital and its suburbs. Birds are trapped in nets. Samples of blood and feathers are taken and examined for signs of disease or pollution. The sparrows are released with colour-coded rings on their legs.
The rings are needed because sparrows are wily birds. Once trapped in a net, they can not easily be caught a second time. The coded rings enable ornithologists to identify individual birds, and monitor their progress.
The bird protection league is also appealing to Parisians to place a sparrow nesting-box on their balconies amid their geraniums – and to keep their cats indoors.
The mystery still stands
Six years ago, The Independent began highlighting the decline of our most familiar bird. The campaign put the disappearance of the house sparrow on the national agenda. Abundant until the early 1990s, Passer domesticus has now gone from central London, apart from isolated pockets, and declined in other large urban centres, such as Glasgow. The cause is unknown. Our £5,000 prize for the first convincing scientific explanation stands, although many theories have been put forward, including magpies, cats, pesticides, peanuts, climate change and home improvements. Research by Dr Kate Vincent of De Montfort University suggests a decline in insects is leading to sparrow chicks starving. The effect is seen in Paris and across Europe.
The Independent’s £5,000 prize is for a paper in a scientific journal. It is judged by our referees (the RSPB, the British Trust for Ornithology and Dr Denis Summers-Smith)